Juniper Publishers Journal of Archaeology and Anthropology

  Archaeology & Anthropology- Juniper Publishers Introduction The willow (genus  Salix ) thrived in the floodplain environment since the upper cretaceous period, e.g. fruiting  Salix  catkins were found in the Pipe Creek Valley, Dakota (Figure 1). The life history of  Salicaceae  is closely related to riverine habitats. Therefore, characteristic traits have evolved. Efficient seed production is followed by establishment on exposed riverine sediments and fast growth. High bending capacity and breaking resistance make  Salix  shrubs and trees resilient to river currents and waves [1], erosion and sedimentation processes [2]. Moreover, plant parts resprout vigorously after fragmentation by physical disturbance and flooding [3]. Ancient civilisations developed settlements along major flows. Willows naturally occurring in floodplains were used for dwellings along the Euphrates more than 10.000 years ago and for construction, tool handles, hoes and ...

Archaeology & Anthropology -  Juniper Publishers Introduction Oxford English Dictionary defines the noun of tourism, as ‘travel for pleasure’. Traveling has always been a human need. Seeing everywhere, pry, and understanding other civilizations are development motors of communities. Nevertheless, types of tourists and their motivations have always been under change. Patterns and systems of tourism are varying by the time passing. The changes are caused by various livelihoods and cultures of the regions. Different environments, climates, natural systems and people make the varieties. Theses diversities enhance the contents of sociocultural systems too. Such dissimilarities make foundations for innovations and creativity. Handicraft productions are the result of the creativity. Today, the tourism industry, particularly the creative tourism, is a key to developments in major countries, especially underdevelopment countries. According to statistics and reports, the tourism...