Juniper Publishers Journal of Archaeology and Anthropology

  Archaeology & Anthropology- Juniper Publishers Introduction The willow (genus  Salix ) thrived in the floodplain environment since the upper cretaceous period, e.g. fruiting  Salix  catkins were found in the Pipe Creek Valley, Dakota (Figure 1). The life history of  Salicaceae  is closely related to riverine habitats. Therefore, characteristic traits have evolved. Efficient seed production is followed by establishment on exposed riverine sediments and fast growth. High bending capacity and breaking resistance make  Salix  shrubs and trees resilient to river currents and waves [1], erosion and sedimentation processes [2]. Moreover, plant parts resprout vigorously after fragmentation by physical disturbance and flooding [3]. Ancient civilisations developed settlements along major flows. Willows naturally occurring in floodplains were used for dwellings along the Euphrates more than 10.000 years ago and for construction, tool handles, hoes and ...

Archaeology & Anthropology -  Juniper Publishers The Windrush scandal In April 2018, the British government faced widespread public anger and outcry against, and later acknowledged, the mistreatment of hundreds of British Caribbean residents who had settled in the United Kingdom following the Second World War [1]. Migrants from the then British colonies in the Caribbean had been encouraged to cross the Atlantic by the British government and industriesand were offered work permits to help re-build an economy and society decimated by war. West Indian migrants arriving between 1948 and the early 1970s came to be known as the ‘Windrush Generation’, named after the first 492 adults and children arriving from Jamaica, who disembarked from the passenger ship HMT Empire Windrush at Tilbury Docks, London on 22 nd June1948. Migrants and settlers from Caribbean societies have shaped British history and society for centuries, and the transatlantic Caribbean dias...

Enclosures in Hum an Mind Authored by Ja n Turek Dividing the cultural space is an essential need of humans. The enclosed space if giving people feeling of security from the otherness and dividing the world into concepts of peaceful domus safe inside and wild agrios, dangerous outside. Enclosures were created to protect human communities, their properties and livestock but also to perform their cult. Walls and ditches were often acting as symbolic manifestations of unity and creating shared identity, such as when Rome was founded by Romulus ploughing the furrow outlining the future Eternal City. Walls and ditches were also created as fortifications and symbols of domination and/or segregation, such as the case of Limes Romanus or the Great Wall of China. Enclosures were, however, also defining the holy places, dividing the sacred from the profane and creating arenas of spiritual and social communication, such as ditch monuments in Neolithic Europe. Walls and dit...